In my experience, these are the items a lender is looking for when you apply for a mortgage. It is important to know these things before applying so you can gather the necessary documentation, review them for accuracy (and so you're not surprised), and bring them to the lender when you meet.
Employment History
Lenders are looking for stability with your employment and income. This means you need to have at least 2 years of steady employment (6 months with your current employer). You need to provide information on all your income sources--part-time and full-time jobs. If you are self-employed, they won't even look at your mortgage application if you don't have 2 years of work (this was my problem).
Source of Income
Are you salary or hourly? Do you get overtime and what is the likelihood of continuing with overtime? Do you receive income from a rental property you own? Do you receive money from alimony, disability, workman's compensation, the military, pension, social security, or retirement accounts like 401k or IRA? Only the income that ir reported on tax returns and verifiable can be taken into consideration when applying for a mortgage.
Financial Liabilities
This means debts. Fortunately your current rent or mortgage payment is no considered when applying for a mortgage for the obvious reason that it will no longer exist once you close and move into your new home. However your estimated future mortgage payment with property taxes and insurance is considered. They also include car loans, personal loans, student loans, credit card lines, alimony and child support, and anything else you owe money.
Assets
They are going to assess how much money you have at your disposal including cash-on-hand and liquid assets (checking accounts, savings, mutual funds, money markets, certificates, retirement account balances, etc.). The lender will also make sure you have money left over in your accounts after you purchase a home. They do not want you to drain al of your accounts as assets to purchase a home.
Debt-To-Income Ratio
I'm not help here. They do some fancy math to figure all this out. I'm also not quite sure what their guidelines are for the allotted ratio--it may depend from lender to lender.
Credit History
If you didn't already know, you have to make your payments to credit card companies, service providers (cell phone, utilities, etc.), and other lenders based on the terms and conditions you agreed upon. There's no way around it. Timely payments when due builds good credit. Poor credit is made when repayments are not as agreed upon (late payments or no payments).
Credit Score
Most lenders currently require a 620 credit score or better. Don't have that? I recommend putting the house hunting aside and take steps to improve your credit. Your credit score is a pretty good indication on how well you deal with your personal finances (in most situations) so a poor score may be a heads up that you just aren't quite ready to take the homeownership leap. But if you still want to go through with it, there are some lenders and loan programs that will accept certain credit issues.
Source(s) of Down Payment
In most situations you will need to produce 20 percent in physical cash for you down payment upon closing (with exception to some government programs). Down payments protect the lender and helps them to recover some of the balance in the event the borrower defaults on their mortgage. Coming up with this large amount of cash can be difficult for a lot of homebuyers so I recommend checking out state-assisted programs, FHA lenders, cash gifts from family members, selling your assets, get a second job, or handle it the old fashioned way and take some time to save money.